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What is the Winner's Curse?

Tricia Christensen
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Updated: Feb 18, 2024
Views: 10,765
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The winner's curse, though it sounds like a very negative thing, is actually fairly simple to explain and to avoid. A winner's curse occurs during an auction. Such an auction could be held for a single item, or for a company or it could refer to bids placed to obtain something like advertising space.

The item upon which a bid is placed will have the same value to any person who wins the auction; so the auction is often called a common value auction. When a person bids higher than the actual value, he or she may win the auction, but also invokes the winner’s curse. In other words, he or she pays more than the actual value. If the person exceeds the actual value of the item, then he or she has won the item but lost financially.

Many times the winner's curse occurs when bidders have insufficient information about the real value of an item. If a potentially profitable stock is offered in an initial public offering (IPO), it's hard to gauge whether the business will ultimately raise the value of the stock beyond the purchase price. When inflated prices or bids for IPO stock are common, and if the company does not do well financially, then the winner's curse is invoked. The winning bidder loses if the stock doesn't make money because he or she has overestimated the value of the IPO stock.

In any type of auction, even for small items, bidding can get hot. Numerous eBay bidders have won auctions only to find that the shipping costs or the cost they will pay for the item exceeds its value. Thus they both win and lose.

Even in silent auctions or standard auctions, the winner's curse can occur when people may pay much more to “win” something at a financial loss. To some people this isn’t necessarily a loss. If an auction takes place to raise money for a reputable charity, overpaying for an item is compensated by the fact that the person did benefit a charity. It’s something of a win-lose-win situation. The charity wins, you win the auction, but you lose slightly because you paid more than an item’s actual worth. This is quite common, especially when bidding becomes competitive and even if the people bidding are aware of the item’s value.

You can avoid a winner's curse by keeping bidding for any item or thing within its known value. It’s important to stay calm when bidding, and keep an eye to not only winning the auction, but also doing so without losing money in the process. This can be more difficult than people think, because “winning” can become the first objective, instead of getting a good deal.

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Tricia Christensen
By Tricia Christensen
With a Literature degree from Sonoma State University and years of experience as a WiseGeek contributor, Tricia Christensen is based in Northern California and brings a wealth of knowledge and passion to her writing. Her wide-ranging interests include reading, writing, medicine, art, film, history, politics, ethics, and religion, all of which she incorporates into her informative articles. Tricia is currently working on her first novel.

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Discussion Comments
By Inaventu — On May 27, 2014

I have never really enjoyed the auction process. It seems to work all right when other people undervalue an item and you can win it for a fraction of what it's really worth. I've won a few highly collectible items that way myself. But when other people know exactly what an item is worth and decide they are willing to bid whatever it takes to win it, that's when I begin to hate auctions.

I was at one auction where an antique car was up for sale. The car itself wasn't worth more than a few hundred dollars, but it had a crystal hood ornament that was easily worth $20,000 to a collector. Some of the auction participants knew it, too. Nobody wanted to tip their hand about the hood ornament, but the bidding got way out of hand.

Pretty soon, people were started to wonder why three or four people were frantically waving their hands and increasing their bids. The car was in horrible shape, and not particularly rare. The bidding finally ended at $15,000. The hood ornament turned out to have an internal crack, lowering its value to $3,000 on a good day.

By Phaedrus — On May 26, 2014

Sadly, I experienced the winner's curse when I was participating in a fake slave auction at my high school Latin club's banquet. I promised a younger friend that I would do everything I could to be her highest bidder. It was all in fun, but we were using actual money. Most of the "slaves" were being sold for one or two dollars at most.

I started bidding on my friend, and the bids started going up by a nickel. Another Latin club member started outbidding me, and I got caught in a bidding war. I kept going until I had no more money in my pocket. I finally won the auction, but I was broke. The other member showed me her money purse, and it was empty. I was actually bidding against myself, and she knew it. It was an expensive lesson to learn about getting caught up in an auction bidding war. When the price is too high, pull out.

Tricia Christensen
Tricia Christensen
With a Literature degree from Sonoma State University and years of experience as a WiseGeek contributor, Tricia...
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