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What Is a Flail Chest?

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Flail chest is a very serious complication of blunt force trauma to the chest, such as that incurred in a car accident, which can lead to death if it is not treated. In patients with this injury, part of the chest wall separates from the rest, and it moves in an opposite direction from the rest of the chest wall. This causes the chest to appear to be flailing or struggling as the patient breathes, explaining the name. This condition has been observed and discussed by the medical community for hundreds of years.

For flail chest to develop, the patient must have multiple sets of broken ribs. The ribcage and sternum are deliberately designed to be extremely sturdy, as they protect some very delicate organs. When multiple sets of fractures occur in just the right spots, part of the chest wall separates, causing an instability to develop. When the patient breathes in, the separated section moves inward, against the outward motion of the chest, and when the patient breathes out, the separated section protrudes, rather than sinking with the rest of the chest.

For flail chest to develop, the patient must have multiple sets of broken ribs.
For flail chest to develop, the patient must have multiple sets of broken ribs.

Patients with flail chest usually have difficulty breathing, and they are at risk of being internal injury as a result of the movement of the separated piece of the chest wall. Their chests are often bruised as a result of the injuries which caused the injury, and the chest is usually very tender to the touch. The injury also indicates that the patient may have underlying trauma such as damage to the lungs or heart, which can contribute to the patient's difficulty breathing.

Patients with flail chest often have difficulty breathing.
Patients with flail chest often have difficulty breathing.

Historically, flail chest was viewed as an extremely grave complication, both because of the underlying damage associated with it, and because of the problems caused by a separated chest wall. A variety of treatments were used to manage the injury, with varying levels of efficacy, and patients often experienced a long and traumatic recovery period if they made it through the initial crisis.

A flail chest may occur as a result of injuries sustained during a car accident.
A flail chest may occur as a result of injuries sustained during a car accident.

Modern treatment for flail chest involves a full examination to determine the extent of the damage, paired with the administration of pain management medications to keep the patient comfortable. In cases where patients experience severe difficulty breathing, mechanical ventilation may be used to keep the patient properly oxygenated. Once the patient is stabilized, surgery can be used to address the flail chest. In the wake of the surgery, the patient may need to spend a great deal of time resting to give the broken ribs a chance to heal without strain.

Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a WiseGEEK researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...
Mary McMahon
Mary McMahon

Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a WiseGEEK researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.

Learn more...

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    • For flail chest to develop, the patient must have multiple sets of broken ribs.
      By: stockshoppe
      For flail chest to develop, the patient must have multiple sets of broken ribs.
    • Patients with flail chest often have difficulty breathing.
      By: Ljupco Smokovski
      Patients with flail chest often have difficulty breathing.
    • A flail chest may occur as a result of injuries sustained during a car accident.
      By: Tom Wang
      A flail chest may occur as a result of injuries sustained during a car accident.
    • Broken ribs may be viewed via X-ray.
      By: creo77
      Broken ribs may be viewed via X-ray.
    • An ultrasound may be helpful in diagnosing a flail chest.
      By: bartekwardziak
      An ultrasound may be helpful in diagnosing a flail chest.