What Is Comparative Theology?

Comparative theology is the study of diverse theological views as expressed throughout many traditions and sacred texts. For those who study comparative theology, the goal is often achieving a greater understanding of God through the systematic comparison of various systems of belief. Since theology is the study of God, the goal for the student of comparative theology is often the pursuit of an additional spiritual pathway to knowing and understanding God. An adherent who compares various religious texts may also be motivated by the desire to better appreciate the spiritual beliefs of others. Sometimes, comparative theology is used by adherents in attempts to convert others to a different belief system.

The review of other sacred and religious texts is usually deemed crucial to the study of comparative theology. Theologians will often seek out spiritual passages within sacred texts that address issues usually of concern to most people. These issues may concern a person's choices in how faith should be exercised, or what constitutes moral and immoral behavior. Others concern how one should approach a relationship with God, or prepare for death. By comparing how one sacred text versus another addresses a particular issue, the theology student will seek to better understand differing religious views.

A student of comparative theology may also discover that some religious matters are common to people of many different beliefs. Issues of morality, the fragility of human life, and how a society should care for those who are weak or unable to provide for themselves are often addressed in religious beliefs and sacred texts. It is thought by some theologians that recognizing these similarities may lead to a stronger sense of brotherhood among those of different faith traditions. Productive religious dialogue may then ensue, and it is hoped by theologians that this will create positive feelings among people of varying faiths.

Obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of God through the study of other sacred writings may be another motivation for the student of comparative theology. Some theology students also form an empathetic connection with those who are seeking God through other religious traditions. The adherent then uses that insight to construct a renewed view of his or her own faith tradition.

Often comparative theologians seek positive engagement with those of other faiths. Those with an ecumenical viewpoint would tend to lean toward common themes, while an apologetic approach may pinpoint differences. Both tactics could be used in pursuit of greater understanding. Adherents of many religious traditions have used comparative theological discussions in attempts to convert individuals from one faith to another.