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What Is an Axolotl?

Anna Harrison
Anna Harrison

An axolotl is an amazing amphibian with fascinating regenerative abilities. A type of neotenic mole salamander, it is also known as the ajolote salamander. Its species name is Ambystoma mexicanum, and it is commonly called a Mexican walking fish, although it is not a fish at all. Axolotls are actually very unusual salamanders with equally unique eating habits. They can grow quite large and may be several different colors.

The axolotl lives in water, but is descended from the land salamander. Many scientists believe that the axolotl is actually an offshoot species of the tiger salamander, because it has been known to sometimes interbreed with this species. It is seen as a freak of nature by biologists, who tend to consider it to have moved backward in evolution.

Axolotls are associated with aquatic environments in Mexico.
Axolotls are associated with aquatic environments in Mexico.

The Mexican walking fish is unique in that it remains in a larval state called neoteny even in adulthood. While most amphibians quickly metamorphose from egg to larvae to adult state, these gruesome looking creatures retain their fins and gills throughout their lives. They also do not develop the bulging eyes of other mature salamanders.

This amphibian grows much larger than the small salamanders most of us are familiar with. At maturity, they average between 9 and 10 inches (23 to 25 cm) in length, though they have been known to reach as much as 17 inches (43 cm). It takes them about 18 months to reach their full size. Axolotls may be several colors, including white, brown, and nearly black. They may also be piebald, which is a mottled mix of colors.

This weird salamander is carnivorous and, like a snake, swallows its food whole. It uses its teeth to tightly grip its meal, rather than to pierce or tear. This means that whatever it catches must be small enough to fit into its wide mouth. Axolotls are fond of different types of worms and larvae as well as tiny brine shrimp.

Axolotls are renowned for their regenerative and healing capabilities and have been studied extensively for this reason. They are able to regrow missing limbs and even portions of their spines or brains within just a few weeks. There are countless axolotls being studied in laboratories, which has helped to keep this species from extinction.

While axolotls are plentiful in captivity due to their importance in research, they are an endangered species in their natural habitat. They originated in Lake Chalco and Lake Xochimilco, which used to be under what is now Mexico City. Lake Chalco no longer exists and Lake Xochimilco is now only lagoons and canals. As a result of their habitat disappearing, the axolotl is difficult to find in the wild.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an axolotl and where can it be found in the wild?

An axolotl is a neotenic salamander, which means it retains its larval features throughout its adult life. Native to Mexico, these fascinating creatures are primarily found in the remnants of the Xochimilco lake complex near Mexico City. They are critically endangered in the wild due to habitat loss and pollution.

Can axolotls regenerate body parts, and if so, to what extent?

Yes, axolotls have remarkable regenerative abilities. They can fully regenerate entire limbs, tail, heart, and other organs without scarring. According to research, this process involves the reactivation of cells at the injury site, turning them into a blastema from which new tissues develop, a trait that has intrigued scientists for potential medical applications.

What do axolotls eat and how do they feed in their natural habitat?

In their natural habitat, axolotls are carnivorous, feeding on a diet of mollusks, worms, insect larvae, crustaceans, and small fish. They locate their prey by smell and suck it into their mouths with a powerful vacuum force created by their gill movements. In captivity, they can be fed pellets, frozen or live food.

How do axolotls breathe and do they ever come to the surface for air?

Axolotls possess both gills and lungs, allowing them to breathe underwater and, if necessary, gulp air from the surface. However, they primarily rely on their gills for respiration, with feathery external gills visible on either side of their heads, which are highly efficient at extracting oxygen from the water.

What is the typical lifespan of an axolotl and how does it differ in captivity?

In the wild, axolotls typically live for about 10-15 years, but their lifespan can be cut short due to environmental pressures. In captivity, with proper care, they can live up to 15 years or more. The controlled environment, diet, and absence of predators contribute to their longer lifespan in captivity.

Are axolotls considered good pets, and what are their care requirements?

Axolotls can be fascinating pets for those willing to meet their specific needs. They require a freshwater aquarium with a cool temperature between 60-64°F (16-18°C), a pH level of 6.5-7.5, and a low-flow filtration system to prevent stress. Regular water changes and a proper diet are also essential for their well-being.

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    • Axolotls are associated with aquatic environments in Mexico.
      By: Tupungato
      Axolotls are associated with aquatic environments in Mexico.