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What is Additional Paid in Capital?

Osmand Vitez
Osmand Vitez

Additional paid in capital is the amount investors pay for a company’s stock above the stated par value. Par value is the dollar amount of a company’s stock during the initial public offering (IPO) process. After the IPO, private investors may choose to purchase the company’s stock at a higher market rate. The difference between the current market price and the par value is the additional paid in capital paid by investors. Common or preferred stock with zero par value has no additional paid in capital when sold at the current market price. The entire sales amount is credited to the company’s common stock issued account.

A company's balance sheet lists the additional paid in capital. In the US, state laws often require companies to list the par value and paid in capital amounts separately on their balance sheets. This separation helps investors understand how much extra money has been collected when issuing common or preferred stock. Another common term for these amounts is stated capital. High amounts of stated capital may indicate private investors are willing to pay more money for a company’s stock, regardless of the stated par value.

A company's balance sheet lists the additional paid in capital.
A company's balance sheet lists the additional paid in capital.

Stated capital usually has little or no meaning in the valuation of a company’s total wealth. It’s simply an accounting rule meant to separate less important financial information from more important financial information. For example, additional paid in capital listed on the balance sheet is included with the retained earnings of the company. Retained earnings are the cumulative net income from business operations since the company was incorporated. Companies may choose to pay dividends or buy back outstanding stock from its retained earnings.

Retained earnings are the cumulative net income from business operations since the company was incorporated.
Retained earnings are the cumulative net income from business operations since the company was incorporated.

Because private investors usually invest their money into a corporation outside of the normal stock market procedures, they are usually first in line for having stock bought back by the company. When this occurs, companies offer private investors a stated price for repurchasing shares of stock; this amount is usually higher than what the investors paid for the stock. When the stock repurchase transaction is complete, the company removes the outstanding stock’s par value amount and additional paid in capital from its balance sheet. Amounts exceeding the book value of this information are deducted from the company’s retained earnings. These transactions are usually recorded regarding the sale of stock to private investors, not mutual funds or investment groups.

Discussion Comments

allenJo

@miriam98 - My grandfather owned a sizable lot of shares in some of the oil companies and the thing he liked was that he got dividends paid to him on a regular basis. As a matter of fact, I don’t think he would even consider buying into a company that didn’t pay dividends.

He would have missed out on the Internet boom of the late 1990’s and instead settled on blue chip stocks, as the tried and true favorites, even though they had their slumps in the market as well.

I don't know that he owned preferred stocks, but he sure did like his dividend payments, looking upon them as a reliable income stream (assuming the company did well, which most of the big companies did, most of the time).

miriam98

@Mammmood - No, what they get in return is the option to buy back stock from the company at a set price. That’s pretty much their main motivation I believe.

I think some of the investments that pay added benefits would include things like preferred stock. With preferred stock you don’t get to vote but you do get some dividend benefits beyond what normal shareholders get.

Basically, preferred stocks holders get dividends paid before common stock holders do. I worked for a telecom company where many employees wanted to buy preferred stock when the company had its IPO.

Preferred stock holders also get first dibs on the assets, from what I understand, if the company ever needs to liquidate assets. But you do give up voting rights so you have to weigh that against the advantages and decide if that’s the route you want to go.

Mammmood

I had no idea that some investors paid above market value for shares of a company’s stock. Do they get other benefits in return apart from what this article says? I imagine perhaps they might want a bigger piece of the pie, so to speak, a greater share of ownership of the company, and for that they would pay more than market valuation.

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    • A company's balance sheet lists the additional paid in capital.
      By: pressmaster
      A company's balance sheet lists the additional paid in capital.
    • Retained earnings are the cumulative net income from business operations since the company was incorporated.
      By: endostock
      Retained earnings are the cumulative net income from business operations since the company was incorporated.