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What is a Trout Cod?

J. Leach
J. Leach

A trout cod, or Maccullochella macquariensis, is a large predatory freshwater fish that is indigenous to the waterways of Australia. It is also known as the bluenose cod. The fish is an endangered species, which means that its numbers have declined to such an extent that it is in danger of being extinct in the wild. It is a close relative to the Murray cod, which is a larger, predatory freshwater fish that is known for its ability to adapt to different environments. While the trout cod had been described in various descriptions of fish, it was not until 1972 that it was recognized as a separate species from the Murray cod.

The trout cod is usually bluish-gray in color, but it can also be found in shades of light to dark brown. It is a large fish, with an elongated body and depressed head. Its eyes are small, but they are larger than those of the Murray cod. The fins range in color from light to dark gray. The dorsal fin, or the fin on the back of a fish, is spiny. The largest recorded trout cod was at 31.5 in (80 cm), but it is believed that the fish can grow even larger.

If a trout cod is caught in the process of fishing for other types of cod, it must be released.
If a trout cod is caught in the process of fishing for other types of cod, it must be released.

These fish like to live in fast-moving water, but do so under some form of cover, like in rocks or another hiding place. Smaller fish tend to live around rocks, whereas the larger trout cod prefer to dwell in holes or deep pits. The fish are highly territorial and will defend their areas from even their own species.

As carnivores, these creatures eat smaller fish as well as any insects, aquatic or terrestrial, that they can find. The fish will leap to the water’s surface in an attempt to catch anything they feel they may be edible. They may also eat crustaceans, like crayfish and freshwater shrimp. Trout cod tend to be aggressive feeders, especially in lower temperatures.

When the fish are three to five years old, they reach sexual maturity. Adult fish spawn in late spring or early summer, depending on when the water reaches temperatures ranging from 62.6° to 64.4°F (17° to 18°C). Their eggs are adhesive and are usually laid along the bottom of the river or close to it.

In 1988, the fish was added to the Australian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act. This states that fisherman cannot possess, trade, or catch the fish without a legal permit. Formerly widespread throughout Australia, the only known population is in now the Murray River. Fishing for most trout cod is generally prohibited. In fact, if this species is caught while a fisherman is attempting to catch a Murray Cod, it is recommended that the fish be released with as little damage to it as possible.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Trout Cod?

The Trout Cod, scientifically known as Maccullochella macquariensis, is a freshwater fish native to Australia. It's closely related to the Murray Cod and was once widespread in the Murray-Darling river system. The species is characterized by its overhanging upper jaw and spotted body, distinguishing it from other cod species in the region.

How can you identify a Trout Cod?

Trout Cod can be identified by their distinctive morphology, which includes a broad, scooped head, a large mouth with a protruding upper jaw, and a white to cream-colored belly. Their bodies are adorned with dark, irregular spots that extend onto their dorsal and tail fins, providing a unique pattern for identification.

What is the conservation status of the Trout Cod?

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Trout Cod is listed as "Endangered." This status is due to habitat degradation, overfishing, and competition with introduced species. Conservation efforts are in place to protect and restore their populations, including breeding programs and habitat rehabilitation.

What does the Trout Cod eat?

Trout Cod are carnivorous and have a diverse diet. They primarily feed on other fish, crustaceans, aquatic insects, and mollusks. Their predatory nature and powerful jaws allow them to take on a variety of prey, which they typically ambush from cover in their riverine habitats.

Where can you find Trout Cod in the wild?

Historically, Trout Cod were found throughout the Murray-Darling Basin in southeastern Australia. However, their range has significantly reduced due to various environmental pressures. Today, they are mostly found in a few river systems, including parts of the Murray River, with conservation areas established to support their recovery.

What efforts are being made to protect and conserve Trout Cod populations?

Conservation efforts for Trout Cod include breeding programs, such as those conducted by the Narrandera Fisheries Centre, which aim to increase their numbers. Additionally, habitat restoration projects are improving river conditions, and fishing restrictions have been implemented to reduce pressure on wild populations. Public education campaigns also raise awareness about the species' plight.

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    • If a trout cod is caught in the process of fishing for other types of cod, it must be released.
      By: B. Wylezich
      If a trout cod is caught in the process of fishing for other types of cod, it must be released.