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What Is a Kakapo?

Melanie Smeltzer
Melanie Smeltzer

A kakapo, also sometimes referred to as an owl parrot, is a nocturnal, flightless parrot native to New Zealand. The scientific name of these birds is Strigops habroptilus, which refers to several owl-like physical features, such as their uncommonly soft feathers. Also known for their large size, these birds can reach up to 1.9 feet (60 cm) in height and 8 pounds (3.5 kg) in weight. Though long living, some surviving up to the age of 60, these unique parrots are considered to be critically endangered.

Best known by its Maori name, which means night parrot, the kakapo is a large, night-dwelling parrot with an unusual appearance. These birds bear soft, blotchy green and yellow feathers that sit atop a layer of down. Like owls, kakapos have a disc of fine feathers around their faces, and also bear whisker-like plumage that surrounds their large, blue-gray beaks. Males and females are difficult to distinguish from each other, as there are only small differences between them. Females typically have longer, more slender beaks and thinner, pink-gray legs, while the males generally bear heads that have a dome-like shape and brighter feathers.

A kakapo, also sometimes referred to as an owl parrot, is a nocturnal, flightless parrot native to New Zealand.
A kakapo, also sometimes referred to as an owl parrot, is a nocturnal, flightless parrot native to New Zealand.

The wings of the kakapo are also characteristic features. Their wings are relatively short in comparison to those of other birds, and are not used to fly in the traditional sense; however, they are still very useful to the bird. For instance, they use their wings to parachute from trees, to keep their balance, fight rivals, and attract mates. Given that their flying abilities are limited, kakapos most often roost on the ground. They are considered excellent climbers, however, and may sometimes be found taking cover in large trees.

A nocturnal bird, the kakapo is known as a solitary creature, only gathering to breed and raise its chicks. Despite this, those working to conserve these birds have found that they bear distinct personalities and are sometimes playful with humans and other birds. Young kakapos occasionally engage in play fighting, holding the neck of other birds between their chests and chins.

Kakapos are not closely related to most species of parrots and, in fact, only belong to a small sub-family known as Strigopidae. This sub-family bears about five species divided into two genera, Nestor and Strigops. Though many birds in the Nestor genus have similar names, kakapos belong to the Strigops genus and are the only members of this group.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Kakapo?

The Kakapo, also known as the night parrot or owl parrot, is a flightless bird native to New Zealand. It's distinguished by its nocturnal habits, moss-green feathers with yellow and black speckles, and a distinct facial disc of sensory whiskers. The Kakapo is critically endangered, with conservation efforts in place to protect this unique species.

Why can't Kakapos fly?

Kakapos evolved in an environment devoid of mammalian predators, where flight was not necessary for survival. Over time, they lost the ability to fly and developed strong legs for walking and climbing. Their wings are short and rounded, more suited for balance and support than for flight.

How many Kakapos are left in the world?

As of early 2023, the Kakapo population is critically low, with only about 200 individuals remaining. Conservation efforts, including intensive management and breeding programs, are ongoing to increase their numbers and ensure the species' survival.

What do Kakapos eat?

Kakapos are herbivores, primarily feeding on a variety of plant materials such as leaves, seeds, fruits, and pollen. Their diet changes with the seasons and availability of food sources. They have a particular fondness for the fruit of the rimu tree during its mast year, which is crucial for their breeding.

How do Kakapos reproduce?

Kakapos have a unique and complex breeding system that is heavily dependent on the abundance of certain foods. Males perform a booming display to attract females by inflating a thoracic air sac and emitting low-frequency sounds. Females then select a mate, and after breeding, raise their chicks alone.

What conservation efforts are in place for Kakapos?

Conservation efforts for Kakapos include the Kakapo Recovery Programme, which involves human-assisted breeding, monitoring of individuals, predator-free island sanctuaries, and genetic management to maintain diversity. These efforts have helped slowly increase the population from a historical low of just 50 birds in the 1990s.

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    • A kakapo, also sometimes referred to as an owl parrot, is a nocturnal, flightless parrot native to New Zealand.
      By: Ruslan Olinchuk
      A kakapo, also sometimes referred to as an owl parrot, is a nocturnal, flightless parrot native to New Zealand.