What Is a Ground Parrot?

Ground parrots are small, endangered birds that live in dense vegetation and are rarely seen. There are two kinds of ground parrot — the Eastern and the Western. The Western ground parrot lives in heathland along the Western Australia coast, while the Eastern ground parrot, also called the button-grass or swamp parrot, is found primarily in the Australian states of Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales, though a subspecies lives in Tasmania.

The Western variety prefers heathland on white sand with a variety of plants. The bird is about 11 inches (28 centimeters) long and typically stays hidden in vegetation, though it will fly low to the ground in a zigzag pattern for about 300 feet (91.4 meters) if startled. This yellow-green bird has a bright yellow belly; feeds on seeds, leaves and flowers; and only calls at dusk or dawn with high-pitched whistles.

The Eastern ground parrot also is about 11 inches (28 centimeters) long and mainly eats seeds. It has yellow-green feathers with dark bars on its abdomen and tail. It lives in marshy plains where there are no trees, in reed beds that have low bushes, or in button grass. If startled, the parrot will try to run instead of fly, or it will fly a short distance before running to a new hiding place.

Both kinds of ground parrot make nests in the ground. The Eastern ground parrot builds a nest in the ground that is from 6 to 7 inches (15 to 18 centimeters) across and from 1 to 2 inches (2 to 5 centimeters)) deep; it commonly is lined with leaves, grass and twigs. Three or four eggs usually are laid at one time, and the male feeds the female while she hatches the eggs and feeds the young once the eggs hatch. Not much is known about the nesting habits of the Western ground parrot. The last recorded nest sighting was in 1913 and was a depression found dug into the ground under prickly vegetation.

The Western and Eastern ground parrots are considered endangered. Of the Eastern ground parrot, around 4,000 breeding birds are left, though the species is already extinct in South Australia. There are only 110 known Western ground parrots left, the majority of which live in Cape Arid National Park in Western Australia. Predators that were introduced to Australia, such as the red fox and feral cats, have greatly cut the birds' numbers. Fire and human encroachment into the birds' territories also have had an effect.

A ground parrot is a small, elusive bird native to Australia, known for its unique habit of dwelling and nesting on the ground rather than in trees. They are predominantly found in coastal heathlands and alpine grasslands, with a notable presence in parts of Tasmania and eastern Australia.

Ground parrots are herbivores, feeding mainly on seeds, fruits, and leaves. They have a particular preference for the seeds of sedges and heath plants. Their diet is adapted to their habitat, allowing them to forage on the ground among the dense vegetation of their heathland homes.

The ground parrot employs several strategies to evade predators, such as its camouflaged plumage that blends with the vegetation. When threatened, it prefers to run rather than fly, using the dense underbrush for cover. Its flight is typically a last resort and is characterized by a rapid, low trajectory to escape danger.

Yes, the ground parrot is considered endangered, with habitat loss and fragmentation being significant threats to its survival. Conservation efforts are in place to protect their habitats from further degradation. According to BirdLife International, the species is listed as vulnerable due to these ongoing environmental pressures.

Ground parrots are solitary nesters, laying their eggs directly on the ground or in a shallow scrape lined with plant material. The female typically incubates the eggs and cares for the chicks alone. Breeding success is closely tied to the condition of their habitat, which is why habitat protection is crucial for their survival.

Conservation measures for the ground parrot include habitat protection and management, such as controlled burning to maintain their heathland environment, and monitoring populations to track their numbers and health. Organizations also work on raising public awareness and advocating for policies that minimize habitat destruction from urban development and agriculture.