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What is a Black Grouse?

S. Ashraf
S. Ashraf

The black grouse, or Tetrao tetrix, is a large game bird that is about the size of a chicken. Males are about 19-23 inches (49-58 cm) in length when measured from beak to tail, weigh about 2.8 pounds (1.25 kg) and have a wingspan of approximately 31 inches (80 cm). A female black grouse is somewhat smaller and is about 16-18 inches (40-45 cm) long, with a wingspan of roughly 26 inches (65 cm) and a weight of about 2 pounds (950 g). The male is a distinctive shiny blue-black color with a red comb, tail feathers that curve outwardly like a lyre and a white stripe on its wings that can be seen when it is flying. Females are a mottled grayish-brown color, which is a good camouflage and keeps them from being easily seen when feeding or nesting on the ground.

Geographically, the black grouse inhabits the northern regions of Europe and Asia. This bird can be found from the southeastern parts of Siberia to Great Britain. Colonies of black grouse can be found as far south as North Korea and Kyrgyzstan; the Arctic areas of Norway mark the northernmost extent of its range. In the countries of central and western Europe, however, populations are very dispersed and fragmented, with only isolated remnants in Holland, Belgium, France and Germany. No black grouse are found in Ireland, and the population in Great Britain is declining and has disappeared from many areas.

Colonies of black grouse can be found as far south as North Korea.
Colonies of black grouse can be found as far south as North Korea.

For habitat, the black grouse needs an area with mixed terrain and landscapes. Grouse have different needs at different times of the year and do not travel far, so these birds prefer locales where areas of grassland, moorland, bogs and woodland meet. As people have encroached upon their habitat, black grouse have adapted somewhat and might also inhabit other areas where there is enough dense vegetation for nesting, roosting and protection.

This ground bird relies almost entirely on plants for food. In winter, it eats mainly the buds, berries and needles of trees. In spring, though, the shoots and green parts of plants are a mainstay. Plant seeds and berries are eaten in summer and fall.

Breeding season lasts from roughly early April to middle or late May. Black grouse do not form pair bonds, and the male has nothing to do with the care of the chicks. The female builds the nest and lays six to 11 eggs that hatch in about 25 days.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Black Grouse?

A Black Grouse is a large game bird native to the Palearctic, including parts of Europe and Asia. It's known for its distinctive mating display called 'lekking,' where males showcase their plumage and vocal abilities to attract females. The male Black Grouse is notable for its glossy black feathers with a lyre-shaped tail, while females are mottled brown and more camouflaged.

Where can you find Black Grouse in the wild?

Black Grouse are typically found in upland moorlands, peatlands, and forest edges across northern Europe and Asia. They have specific habitat requirements, preferring areas with a mix of open space for lekking and dense vegetation for shelter. Conservation efforts are crucial as their populations have declined due to habitat loss and degradation.

What do Black Grouse eat?

Black Grouse are omnivores with a diet that varies seasonally. In spring and summer, they feed on a variety of plant materials, including leaves, flowers, and seeds, as well as insects for protein. During the winter months, they rely more on the buds and twigs of trees like birch and willow to sustain themselves.

How do Black Grouse reproduce?

Black Grouse have a unique courtship ritual where males gather in open areas called leks to compete for female attention. Males display their impressive plumage, make distinctive calls, and engage in mock fights. After mating, the female lays eggs in a ground nest and raises the chicks alone, with the young being precocial and able to leave the nest shortly after hatching.

What are the conservation statuses of Black Grouse?

The Black Grouse is currently listed as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN Red List, but its populations are decreasing. Habitat loss, changes in agricultural practices, and overgrazing by livestock are significant threats. Conservation measures include habitat management and restoration to ensure the survival of this species.

Can Black Grouse be found in captivity?

While Black Grouse are not commonly found in captivity, they can be seen in some aviaries and wildlife parks, especially within their native range. These facilities may participate in breeding programs aimed at conservation and research to better understand the species and support their populations in the wild.

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    • Colonies of black grouse can be found as far south as North Korea.
      By: Ruslan Olinchuk
      Colonies of black grouse can be found as far south as North Korea.