SpaceShipOne is a 3-passenger spaceplane developed by the California company Scaled Composites in 2003. In 2004, it achieved world fame by flying the world's first privately funded spaceflights and winning the $10 million US Dollars (USD) Ansari X Prize for its creators. The Ansari X Prize was created to award the first privately-funded team to build a vehicle that could reach 100 km (62 mi) in altitude twice in a two-week period with the equivalent of three people on board, with no more than ten percent of the non-fuel weight of the spacecraft replaced between flights.
SpaceShipOne has achieved multiple suborbital space flights. This is a flight that reaches the altitude of the international definition for the boundary of space (the Kármán line), but does not come close to achieving a stable orbit around the Earth, like a Space Shuttle or the International Space Station. Launching a spacecraft on an orbital trajectory requires 60 times more energy than a suborbital trajectory. Launching a spacecraft from a low Earth orbit to a more distant geosynchronous orbit, like GPS satellites, requires more energy still.
Unlike conventional rockets, SpaceShipOne is lifted by a carrier craft, WhiteKnight, to approximately 14 km (8.6 mi) above the surface. Here, the craft is already beyond 90% of the Earth's atmosphere. A hybrid rocket engine is engaged, and the craft accelerates from subsonic speeds all the way up to Mach 3, climbing an additional 86 km (53 mi) to reach the "edge of space." The engine uses liquid oxygen as an oxidizer and synthetic rubber as the fuel.
SpaceShipOne featured a "feathering" tail which spread out after the craft reaches its apex, allowing it to slowly glide down to Earth. Capable of flying both at the edge of space and at lower altitudes, SpaceShipOne is considered a spaceplane, like its more expensive cousin the Space Shuttle. Speaking of costs, SpaceShipOne cost only about $25 million USD to develop, while the Space Shuttle program cost over $180 billion USD. Admittedly the Space Shuttle has far greater capabilities, but the 1:7200 cost difference is still striking.
SpaceShipOne is being followed up by SpaceShipTwo, a more powerful and larger spaceplane built in collaboration with Virgin Galactic. SpaceShipTwo will be used for space tourism starting in 2009. Suborbital flights are expected to cost roughly $100,000 USD per passenger. If SpaceShipTwo goes well, it will be followed up by SpaceShipThree, which could be the first commercial craft to achieve orbital spaceflight.
Michael is a longtime WiseGEEK contributor who specializes in topics relating to paleontology, physics, biology, astronomy, chemistry, and futurism. In addition to being an avid blogger, Michael is particularly passionate about stem cell research, regenerative medicine, and life extension therapies. He has also worked for the Methuselah Foundation, the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, and the Lifeboat Foundation.